Chofungatira cha CO2 chimapanga condensation, kodi chinyezi chapafupi ndi chokwera kwambiri?
Tikamagwiritsa ntchito chofungatira cha CO2 kukulitsa ma cell, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amawonjezedwa komanso kuzungulira kwa chikhalidwe, timakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za chinyezi chambiri mu chofungatira.
Pazoyesera zogwiritsa ntchito mbale za 96-chitsime zama cell okhala ndi chikhalidwe chachitali chozungulira, chifukwa chamadzi ochepa omwe amawonjezeredwa pachitsime chimodzi, pali chiopsezo kuti yankho la chikhalidwe lidzauma ngati lisungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali pa 37 ℃.
Apamwamba chinyezi wachibale mu chofungatira Mwachitsanzo, kufika oposa 90%, angathe kuchepetsa evaporation wa madzi Komabe, vuto latsopano wakhala, ambiri selo experimentalists chikhalidwe apeza kuti chofungatira n'zosavuta kubala condensate mu zinthu chinyezi mkulu, condensate kupanga ngati mosalamulirika, adzaunjikana kwambiri chikhalidwe wabweretsa kwambiri matenda a mabakiteriya selo.
Ndiye, kodi m'badwo wa condensation mu chofungatira chifukwa chinyezi chachifupi ndi chokwera kwambiri?
Choyamba, tiyenera kumvetsetsa lingaliro la chinyezi chachibale,chinyezi chachibale (Chinyezi Chachibale, RH)ndi zomwe zili kwenikweni mu nthunzi wa madzi mumpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wa madzi pa machulukitsidwe pa kutentha komweko. Zafotokozedwa mu formula:
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kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chapafupi kumayimira chiŵerengero cha nthunzi wamadzi mumlengalenga ndi momwe zingathere.
Makamaka:
0% RH:Kulibe nthunzi wamadzi mumlengalenga.
* 100% RH:Mpweya umakhala wodzaza ndi nthunzi wamadzi ndipo sungathe kusunga nthunzi wamadzi wochulukirapo ndipo condensation imachitika.
50% RH:Zimasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa madzi mumlengalenga ndi theka la kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yodzaza ndi kutentha kumeneko. Ngati kutentha kuli 37 ° C, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya nthunzi yamadzi yodzaza ndi pafupifupi 6.27 kPa. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa nthunzi wamadzi pa 50% chinyezi wachibale ndi pafupifupi 3.135 kPa.
Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi wamadzindi mphamvu yopangidwa ndi nthunzi mu gawo la gasi pamene madzi amadzimadzi ndi nthunzi yake zimakhala zofanana pa kutentha kwina.
Makamaka, pamene nthunzi wa madzi ndi madzi amadzimadzi amakhala mu dongosolo chatsekedwa (mwachitsanzo, chofungatira bwino Radobio CO2 chofungatira), madzi mamolekyu adzapitiriza kusintha kuchokera madzi boma kuti mpweya mpweya ( evaporation) pakapita nthawi, komanso mpweya madzi mamolekyu adzapitiriza kusintha kwa madzi madzi (condensation).
Pa nthawi ina, milingo ya evaporation ndi condensation imakhala yofanana, ndipo mphamvu ya nthunzi pamalopo ndi kuthamanga kwa nthunzi wamadzi. Ndi yodziwika ndi
1. dynamic equilibrium:pamene madzi ndi nthunzi zamadzi zimakhala mu dongosolo lotsekedwa, evaporation ndi condensation kufika pa mgwirizano, kuthamanga kwa nthunzi yamadzi mu dongosolo sikumasinthanso, panthawiyi kuthamanga kumakhala kodzaza ndi nthunzi yamadzi.
2. kudalira kutentha:zidzaza nthunzi madzi kuthamanga kusintha ndi kutentha. Kutentha kumawonjezeka, mphamvu ya kinetic ya mamolekyu amadzi imawonjezeka, mamolekyu ambiri amadzi amatha kuthawira ku gawo la mpweya, kotero kuti mphamvu ya nthunzi yamadzi yowonjezera imawonjezeka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene kutentha kumachepa, mphamvu ya nthunzi yamadzi yochuluka imachepa.
3. Makhalidwe:zimalimbikitsa madzi kuthamanga ndi mwangwiro zinthu khalidwe chizindikiro, sizidalira kuchuluka kwa madzi, kokha ndi kutentha.
Njira yodziwika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kuthamanga kwa nthunzi wamadzi wodzaza ndi Antoine equation:
Kwa madzi, nthawi zonse za Antoine zimakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a kutentha. Gulu lodziwika bwino la zokhazikika ndi:
* A=8.07131
* B = 1730.63
* C=233.426
Seti ya zosinthika izi imagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwapakati pa 1 ° C mpaka 100 ° C.
Titha kugwiritsa ntchito zokhazikika izi kuwerengera kuti kuthamanga kwamadzi odzaza pa 37 ° C ndi 6.27 kPa.
Ndiye, kodi mumlengalenga mumakhala madzi ochuluka bwanji pa 37 digiri Celsius (°C) mumkhalidwe wa nthunzi wamadzi wochuluka?
Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi wodzaza (chinyezi chonse), titha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira ya Clausius-Clapeyron:
Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi wamadzi: Pa 37°C, mphamvu ya nthunzi yamadzi yodzaza ndi 6.27 kPa.
Kusintha kutentha kukhala Kelvin: T=37+273.15=310.15 K
Kulowetsedwa mu fomula:
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zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa powerengera ndi pafupifupi 44.6 g/m³.
Pa 37°C, nthunzi wamadzi (chinyezi chamtheradi) pakukhutitsidwa kwake ndi pafupifupi 44.6 g/m³. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kiyubiki mita iliyonse ya mpweya imatha kusunga magalamu 44.6 a nthunzi yamadzi.
Chofungatira cha 180L CO2 chidzangogwira pafupifupi magalamu 8 a nthunzi wamadzi.Pamene humidification pan komanso ziwiya za chikhalidwe zimadzazidwa ndi zamadzimadzi, chinyezi chocheperako chimatha kufika pamtengo wapamwamba, ngakhale kufupi ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.
Chinyezi chikafika 100%,mpweya wamadzi umayamba kufewetsa. Panthawiyi, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga kumafika pamtengo wokwanira womwe ungagwire pa kutentha kwapano, mwachitsanzo, machulukitsidwe. Kuwonjezeka kwina kwa nthunzi wa madzi kapena kuchepa kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti nthunzi wa madziwo uunde kukhala madzi amadzimadzi.
Condensation imathanso kuchitika ngati chinyezi chachibale chikupitilira 95%,koma izi zimadalira zinthu zina monga kutentha, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumpweya, ndi kutentha kwa pamwamba. Zinthu zokopa izi ndi izi:
1. Kuchepa kutentha:Pamene kuchuluka kwa nthunzi mumlengalenga kuyandikira kuchulukira, kuchepa pang'ono kwa kutentha kapena kuwonjezereka kwa nthunzi yamadzi kungayambitse condensation. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kusinthasintha mu chofungatira kungachititse kuti m'badwo wa condensate, kotero kutentha ndi khola chofungatira adzakhala ndi chopinga kwambiri pa m'badwo wa condensate.
2. Kutentha kwapafupipafupi kutsika ndi kutentha kwa mame:m'deralo kutentha ndi otsika kuposa mame mfundo kutentha, madzi nthunzi adzakhala condense mu madontho a madzi pamalo amenewa, kotero kutentha kufanana kwa chofungatira adzakhala ndi ntchito bwino poletsa condensation.
3. Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi:Mwachitsanzo, humidification poto ndi zotengera chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndi chofungatira ndi bwino losindikizidwa, pamene kuchuluka kwa nthunzi madzi mu mpweya mkati chofungatira chinawonjezeka kupitirira mphamvu yake pazipita pa kutentha panopa, ngakhale kutentha akadali osasintha, condensation adzakhala kwaiye.
Chifukwa chake, chofungatira cha CO2 chokhala ndi kuwongolera bwino kwa kutentha mwachiwonekere chimalepheretsa kubadwa kwa condensate, koma chinyezi chikadutsa 95% kapena kufikira kuchulukira, kuthekera kwa condensation kumawonjezeka kwambiri.Choncho, tikamalima maselo, kuwonjezera pa kusankha chofungatira chabwino cha CO2, tiyenera kuyesetsa kupewa ngozi ya condensation yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kufunafuna chinyezi chambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-23-2024